Hegel views both of these conditions as evils, because people have a deep and abiding need to inhabit a social world that is a home. Conversely, they may experience feelings that the world is not a home while also accepting this experience as a metaphysical fact, as the existentialists do. Individuals may live in a world that is not a home without experiencing feelings of alienation. People are objectively alienated if the social world they inhabit is not a home. There are three forms of alienation: objective, subjective, and complete. The terms Entfremdung ("alienation" or "estrangement") and Entäusserung ("externalization" or "alienation"), derived from Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, indicate that people are "alienated" because they are not at home in the modern social world. Marx and Friedrich Engels responded to these philosophical propositions in The German Ideology (1845). Moreover, Max Stirner extended Feuerbach's analysis in The Ego and its Own (1845) that even the idea of 'humanity' is an alienating concept for individuals to intellectually consider in its full philosophic implication. Philosophically, the theory of Entfremdung relies upon The Essence of Christianity (1841) by Ludwig Feuerbach, which states that the idea of a supernatural god has alienated the natural characteristics of the human being. In the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 (1932), Karl Marx expressed the Entfremdung theory-of estrangement from the self. Although the worker is an autonomous, self-realized human being, as an economic entity this worker is directed to goals and diverted to activities that are dictated by the bourgeoisie-who own the means of production-in order to extract from the worker the maximum amount of surplus value in the course of business competition among industrialists. The theoretical basis of alienation is that a worker invariably loses the ability to determine life and destiny when deprived of the right to think (conceive) of themselves as the director of their own actions to determine the character of said actions to define relationships with other people and to own those items of value from goods and services, produced by their own labour. It is Marx’s earliest recognizable attempt at a systematic explanatory theory of capitalism. Karl Marx's theory of alienation describes the experience of human life as meaningless or the human self as worthless in modern capitalist society.
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